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Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. It must not be confused with atomic physics, that studies the combined system of the nucleus and its arrangement of electrons, even if both terms are sometimes used synonymously in standard English.

Particle physics is a field that has evolved out of nuclear physics and, for this reason, has been included under the same term in earlier times. Nuclear power and nuclear weapons are the most commonly known applications of nuclear physics, but the research field is also the basis for a far wider range of less common applications, like e.g. in the medical, in materials engineering or archaeology

Nuclear physics is the study of the atomic nucleus. Classical nuclear physics has considered the nucleus as consisting solely of protons and neutrons held together by the strong nuclear force. It is concerned with the structure and reactions of nuclei, as they relate to and reveal the nature of the forces between the nucleons. It also encompasses such things as the origin and nucleosynthesis of the elements in astrophysical processes.

These days the boundaries of nuclear physics are more complicated, and include such topics as the relation of the nuclear force to the underlying strong forces between quarks and the behaviour of nuclei under extreme conditions, for instance the possible formation of a quark-gluon plasma in energetic collisions. It might be thought that we should really be studying the physics of large collections of quarks. To date, however, evidence of the quark substructure of nucleons is extremely difficult to find in nuclear physics.

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